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Par isayunusemre le 24 July 2009 à 09:27
This is on the first page of the Bill Mollison’s book :
“Reproduction of this Pamphlet Is Free and Encouraged”
Did you ever read such thing ?
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Further Bill Mollison again says :
PERMACULTURE : THE CHANGE IS POSSIBLE
MAN IS THE PROBLEM à MAN IS THE SOLUTION
We must involve all
our skills to organize life forces, not just a few.
…
DELEGATION - COOPERATION
The only way we can do things fast is by making the least
number of moves in the fastest possible time, and by very rapid
delegation of work to people. There is no hope that we can get
this done in the next five years if we keep it to ourselves. Therefore,
I have come here to break the monopoly of the elite alternative
in America. We have got to let experts loose on the
ground. We need hundreds and hundreds of them. We don’t
want at any time to patent anything or to keep any information
to ourselves, not even keep our jobs to ourselves. The time for
that is gone. What we are involved in is a COOPERATIVE, not a
competitive, system…
read more
INTRODUCTION TO PERMACULTURE>>>-------------------------------
This is also how we see also the situation in the Yunus Emre Farm.
Time of elitism where knowledge was to be kept secret or sparingly spread is definitely gone.
Survival of the human beings depends on this realization.
Time for profit has gone. Time for sharing has come.
Time for keeping has gone. Time for giving has come.
Our wish is that more and more people follow this example of Bill Mollison so that more and more people have access to true knowledge and art that might help expansion of consciousness thus survival on Earth …
and
give a chance for evolution.
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Par isayunusemre le 17 July 2009 à 12:31
BILL MOLLISON 1981
Excerpts from “Introduction to Permaculture”
These extracts are there to give you an idea of what is Permaculture, the SPIRIT of Permaculture according to Bill Mollison.. and maybe you will like to read more from HERE :o)))
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FACTS
The real systems that are beginning to fail are the soils, forests,the atmosphere, and nutrient cycles. It is we who are responsible
for that. We haven’t evolved anywhere in the west
(and I doubt very much elsewhere except in tribal areas) any
sustainable systems in agriculture or forestry. We don’t have
a system. Let’s look at what is happening.
FOREST
Forests have been found to be far more important in the oxygen
cycle than we ever suspected. We used to think oceans
were the most important element. They are not. Not only are
they not very important, contributing probably less than 8% of
the oxygen in atmospheric recycling, but many are beginning to
be oxygen-consuming. If we release much more mercury into
the seas, the ocean will be oxygen-consuming. The balance is
changing. Therefore, it is mainly the forests that we depend on
to preserve us from anarchic condition.
It is the character of forests to moderate everything. Forests
moderate excessive cold and heat, excessive run-off, excessive
pollution. As forests are removed, immoderate extremes arrive.
And of course, it is the forests that create soils. Forests
are one of very few soil-creating systems.
CLIMATES
We can just go cutting along, and in maybe twelve more
years we won’t have any forests.
There is still another factor. It would be bad enough if it were
just our cutting that is killing forests. But since the 1920’s, and
with increasing frequency, we have been loosing species from
forest to a whole succession of pathogens.
The "Phasmid Conspiracy"
Now we come to a thing called the phasmid conspiracy.Each forest varies in each country in that its elms, its chestnuts,
its poplars, its firs, are subject to attack by specific pathogens.
Insects are taking some sort of cauterizing measures.
……
Really, is it these diseases? What are the diseases? Phasmids
are responsible for the death of eucalypts. There is the
cinnamon fungus. In elms, it’s the Dutch elm disease. In the
poplars, it’s the rust. And in the firs, it’s also rust. Do you think
that any of these diseases are killing the forest?
What I think we are looking at is a carcass. The forest is a
dying system on which the decomposers are beginning to feed.
If you know forests very well, you know that you can go out this
morning and strike a tree with an axe. That’s it. Or touch it with
the edge of a bulldozer, or bump it with your car. Then, if you sit
patiently by that tree, within three days you will see that maybe
twenty insects and other decomposers and "pests" have visited
the injury. The tree is already doomed. What attracts them is
the smell from the dying tree. We have noticed that in Australia.
Just injure trees to see what happens. The phasmids come.
The phasmid detects the smell of this. The tree has become its
food tree, and it comes to feed.
So insects are not the cause of the death of forests. The
cause of the death of forests is multiple insult. We point to
some bug and say: "That bug did it." It is much better if you can
blame somebody else. You all know that. So we blame the bug.
It is a conspiracy, really, to blame the bugs. But the real reason
the trees are failing is that there have been profound changes
in the amount of light penetrating the forest, in pollutants, and
in acid rain fallout. People, not bugs, are killing the forests.
SOILS
As far as we can make out, we have lost 50% of the soils we
have ever had before 1950. We have been measuring pretty
well since 1950. And we have lost another 30% of the soils
that remain. Now this is as true of the Third World as it is in
the Western World.
WATER
The fact that water is becoming a scarce resource is manifestly
ridiculous, because roughly half a million gallons fall on
this roof right here annually. But you could be very short of water
here soon unless you build tanks or surface storages to
catch the water.
For every 5,000 gallons we can store
in concrete tanks, we can store 250,000 in Earth tanks at the
same cost
A DESPERATE FUTURE ?
At the very least, we have a desperate future. Our children
may never believe that we had surplus food. It is mainly because
of utterly ridiculous things. The entire output of atomic
power in the United States is exactly equivalent to the requirements
of the clothes-drying machines.
There is an horrific statement called the over-run thesis which says:
"Our ability to change the face of the Earth increases at a faster rate than our ability to foresee the consequences of that change."
And there is the life-ethic thesis, which says that living organisms
and living systems are not only means but ends. In addition
to their value to man, or their instrumental value to human
beings, they have an intrinsic worth which we don’t allow them.
That a tree is something of value in itself, even if it has no value
to us, that notion is a pretty foreign sort of thought to us. That
it is alive and functioning is what is important.
PERMACULTURE : THE CHANGE IS POSSIBLE
MAN IS THE PROBLEM à MAN IS THE SOLUTION
We must involve all
our skills to organize life forces, not just a few.
Now all of this, including the energy problem, is what we have
to tackle at once. It can be done. It is possible. It is possible to
make restitution. We might as well be trying to do something
about it as not. We will never get anywhere if we don’t do anything.
The great temptation, and one in which the academic
takes total refuge, is to gather more evidence. I mean, do we
need any more evidence? Or is it time to cease taking evidence
and to start remedial action on the evidence already in? In
1950, it was time to stop taking evidence and start remedial
action. But the temptation is always to gather more evidence.
Too many people waste their lives gathering evidence. Moreover,
as we get more evidence, we see that things are worse
than they had appeared to be.
DELEGATION - COOPERATION
The only way we can do things fast is by making the least
number of moves in the fastest possible time, and by very rapid
delegation of work to people. There is no hope that we can get
this done in the next five years if we keep it to ourselves. Therefore,
I have come here to break the monopoly of the elite alternative
in America. We have got to let experts loose on the
ground. We need hundreds and hundreds of them. We don’t
want at any time to patent anything or to keep any information
to ourselves, not even keep our jobs to ourselves. The time for
that is gone. What we are involved in is a cooperative, not a
competitive, system
MONEY
I think we have an ethic here:
to stop admiring the people who have money.
There has to be a big ethical change. It is an
interesting time to be living in. The big twist we have to make is
away from our educational system. All the methodologies and
principles we use arose as a result of observation of natural
systems, and are stated in a passive way. The mind twist that
has to be made to create permaculture is to realize that you
can get hold of that and do it. We have to make our knowledge
active. We have to move from a passive to an active thought
level.
INTERCONNECTION
In the permaculture garden, we must deal with the question
of ways in which elements are to be placed. Some of these elements
are manurial or energy-exchange systems for other elements;
others are defensive elements that protect other plants
in a whole set of ways; and some act as trellis systems for others
or provide shade. So there are physical relationships involved
and there are whole sets of rules that govern why certain
elements are put together. And we understand some of
these rules. A lot of them are quite obvious.
DIVERSITY
Diversity isn’t involved so much with the number of elements
in a system as it is with the number of functional connections
between these elements. Diversity is not the number
of things, but the number of ways in which things work. This
really is the direction in which permaculture thinking is headed.
So what we are really talking about is not
some grandiose complication of 3,000 species on a site.
It would be nice to make 3,000 connections between 30
species
So what we are setting up is a sort of guild of things that
work harmoniously together. There are rules to follow on placement
within the area. There are rules that have to do with orientation,
with zonation, and with the interactions. There are
whole sets of principles which govern why we put things together
and why things work.
These principles, rules and directives are based on the
study of natural systems.
Now I have evolved a set of directives which
say: "Here is a good way to proceed." It doesn’t have anything
to do with laws or rules, just principles.
ENERGY
We deal with the Earth, which has a fairly constant energy input
from other parts of the universe.
Between the source and the sink is where we intervene.
The more useful storages to which we can direct energy between
the source and the sink, the better we are as designers.
The closer to the source that we can intervene, the greater use is
the network that we can set up.
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